Effect of heat treatment on microstructures and properties of a novel Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy for oil drilling

In view of the special requirements for strength, heat resistance and corrosion resistance of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy for oil drilling, the Al-6.2 Zn-2.5 Mg-1.6 Cu alloy was prepared by increasing Cu content on basis of Russian Series 1953 alloy. The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and properties of the alloy was characterized by optical microscope(OM), scanning electron microscope(SEM) and transmission electron microscope(TEM), and investigated by tensile test at room temperature, thermal exposure test and corrosion test. The results show that the strength after T6 aging treatment exhibit a decrease trend as an increase of the solution temperature from465 °C to 480 °C. After the solution treated by the rate of 470 °C/1 h, second phases dissolve into the matrix very well and the strength property reaches optimum. The alloy has better comprehensive properties treated by a solution treatment of 470 °C/1 h and then followed by an aging treatment of 120 °C/24 h + 170 °C/1 h + 120 °C/24 h. Under the aging state, the precipitated phases inside the grains are suitable in size, while on the grain boundary distribute discontinuously and the precipitate-free zone is obvious. Besides, the alloy still maintain high tensile properties. The yield strength, tensile strength and elongation are 650 MPa, 686 MPa,12.0%, respectively. The yield strength retention after heat exposure is 92%. The alloy has good corrosion resistance and the exfoliation corrosion degree. The average corrosion rate in the H_2S and CO_2 environment is 0.0024 mm/a, which is far less than the required 0.12 mm/a. It is insensitive to H_2S and CO_2 environments.     

Selectivity determinants of the aldose and aldehyde reductase inhibitor-binding sites

Aldose reductase and aldehyde reductase belong to the aldo-keto reductase superfamily of enzymes whose members are responsible for a wide variety of biological functions. Aldose reductase has been identified as the first enzyme involved in the polyol pathway of glucose metabolism which converts glucose into sorbitol. Glucose over-utilization through the polyol pathway has been linked to tissue-based pathologies associated with diabetes complications, which make the development of a potent aldose reductase inhibitor an obvious and attractive strategy to prevent or delay the onset and progression of the complications. Structural studies of aldose reductase and the homologous aldehyde reductase in complex with inhibitor were carried out to explain the difference in the potency of enzyme inhibition. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of previous studies to aid the development of aldose reductase inhibitors that may have less toxicity problems than the currently available ones. Received 4 December 2006; received after revision 12 February 2007; accepted 20 April 2007     

改性磺化木质素LSA阻垢分散性能及机理研究

以工业木质素磺酸盐LS为原料，采用自由基共聚反应对LS进行接枝羧基改性，制备得到改性磺化木质素LSA，用红外光谱对其结构进行表征。对LSA与目前常用几种阻垢剂进行阻垢分散性能的比较，结果表明，改性产物LSA为一种阻垢分散性能较为理想的绿色阻垢剂，并从螯合使用、分散作用及晶格畸变作用三方面对LSA阻垢机理进行了探讨。     

喷丝头组合花板的真空熔炼

化纤生产行业的粘胶，经过装在组合花板上的喷丝头在酸浴里形成化学纤维。粘胶为碱性物质，酸浴的化学成份为稀硫酸、磷酸，酸浴温度为57℃左右，组合花板内压力为10kg／cm^2，要求组合花板材料在有足够的强度下，具有高耐腐蚀性能。     

A new indolic antiauxin, α-(5,7-dichloroindole-3-)isobutyric acid: its chemical synthesis and biological activity

Summary A new potent antiauxin, -(5,7-dichloroindole-3-)isobutyric acid has been synthesized and shown to inhibit auxin-mediated elongation ofAvena coleoptiles and to stimulate root growth of rice seedlings. Its activity is stronger than -(p-chlorophenoxy)isobutyric acid and is comparable to that of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid, which are typical antiauxins.     

The discovery of antidepressants: A winding path

Summary Modern treatment of mental depression started with the availability of monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants. These drugs also contributed to the early development of psychopharmacology. Attempts to improve the anti-tuberculous action of the hydrazine derivative isoniazid by developing derivatives thereof led to the synthesis of iproniazid. Its introduction as the first modern antidepressant was based on three unexpected actions of the drug: MAO-inhibition, reversal of reserpine-induced sedation, and the presence of psychostimulation as a clinical side effect in man. However, the initial success of iproniazid and other MAO inhibitors, hydrazides and non-hydrazides, was curtailed by the occurrence of undesirable side effects such as potentiation of the blood-pressure elevating action of food amines. The tricyclic antidepressants were a development of the class of antihistamines, one of which, chlorpromazine, showed neuroleptic activity. A congener of this compound, imipramine, was discovered by clinical observation to have unexpected antidepressant effects. The clinical success of this drug (which is still in use) led to the development of a successful series of other tricyclic and non-tricyclic antidepressants. Progress in the elucidation of possible mechanisms of the action of the tricyclic compounds has helped this development. Recent advances in basic research have also induced a revival of MAO-inhibitors since, due to the discovery of MAO-subtypes, inhibitors with higher specificity and fewer undesirable side effects are now available.     

Inhibition of the growth of cariogenic bacteria in vitro by plant falvanones

Phytoalexins, defensive compounds produced by plants against microbial infections, were purified fromSophora exigua (Leguminosae) and their growth inhibitory effects on oral cariogenic bacteria were determined in vitro. Among three isolated compounds, 5,7,2,4-tetrahydroxy-8-lavandulylflavanone completely inhibited the growth of oral bacteria including primary cariogenic mutans streptococci, other oral streptococci, actinomycetes, and lactobacilli, at concentrations of 1.56 to 6.25 g/ml.     

Cl-、NO3-和SO42-离子对漆酶催化活性的抑制作用

以５,６－二溴－２,３－二氰基氢醌为底物,在ｐＨ值４．５０条件下,用分光光度法考察了Ｃｌ－、ＮＯ－３和ＳＯ２－４离子对漆酶催化活性的影响。发现Ｃｌ－、ＮＯ－３和ＳＯ２－４离子对漆酶的催化活性均有不同程度的抑制作用,其最大抑制率分别可达７５％、３１．４％和１７．１％。动力学研究表明,Ｃｌ－、ＮＯ－３和ＳＯ２－４离子的抑制作用是瞬时完成的,属于竞争性抑制过程,是通过与底物分子竞争漆酶分子中的Ⅱ型铜（Ⅱ）部位实现的。经测定,Ｃｌ－和ＮＯ－３离子与漆酶所形成的复合物其解离常数分别为１．１２×１０－４ｍｏｌ·ｄｍ－３和１．７８×１０－３ｍｏｌ·ｄｍ－３。     

含磷聚合物水处理剂的合成和性能

用氧化还原引发体系,在水相中合成丙烯酸（ＡＡ）／丙烯酸羟丙酯（ＨＰＡ）,丙烯酸／２－丙烯酰胺基－２－甲基丙基磺酸（ＡＭＰＳ）和ＡＡ／ＨＰＡ／ＡＭＰＳ三种含磷共聚物。并探讨了合成条件对其结构与性能之间的关系。研究结果表明,在较高ｐＨ值,和高硬度的苛刻水质条件下,它们具有良好的阻碳酸钙和阻磷酸钙垢的性能。     

含钼杂多酸盐对碳钢缓蚀性能的研究

采用失重法考察了６种具有Ｋｅｇｇｉｎ结构的含钼杂多酸盐在ＮａＣｌ介质中对碳钢的缓蚀作用。实验表明,所研究的化合物均有一定的缓蚀性能,尤其抑制点蚀效果很好。